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Measurement the arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) by pulse oximetry (SpO2), using a fingertip sensor is commonly used in the management of patients with pulmonary diseases.

It is possible to fool the pulse oximeter as described in [he above examples. When the device is used, due consideration should be given to the risk of movement artefacts causing erroneous readings.

A normal, healthy individual has a blood oxygen level between 95 and 100 percent. When that level is pushed up above that baseline, it's indicative of hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen in the bloodstream. “Often times, when providers see an oxygen saturation of 100%, they are delighted. That's great.May 15, 2018

Recommendations for Health Care Providers. Be aware that multiple factors can affect the accuracy of a pulse oximeter reading, such as poor circulation, skin pigmentation, skin thickness, skin temperature, current tobacco use, and use of fingernail polish.Feb 19, 2021

You can increase the amount of oxygen in your blood naturally. Some ways include: Open windows or get outside to breathe fresh air. Something as simple as opening your windows or going for a short walk increases the amount of oxygen that your body brings in, which increases overall blood oxygen level.Apr 21, 2021

• However, you will note that, though there are only two LEDs, the light detector is exposed to three sources of light. In addition to the red and infra red LED light sources, there is also light in the room (ambient light) that the pulse oximeter is working in. Some of this room light can also reach the detector.

• Specifically, Beer's law is what underpins the concentration measurement, and Lambert's law deals more with the identification of the pulsatile signal, as it is concerned with attenuation due to optical distance through the sample. These can be summarised as:

• A finger is shown inserted into the probe. Above the finger are the light sources that emit light. In the finger is an artery which carries the blood the pulse oximeter is interested in and a vein through which the blood leaves the finger. Below the finger is the light detector. Hemoglobin (Hb) absorbs light.

• Most ABG analysers have access to sophisticated and expensive light sources and are able to test about two hundred wavelengths simultaneously, which allows them to report this sort of spectrum histogram. Fingertip pulse oximeters are usually cheap and disposable, and so usually only measure a couple of wavelengths, which is actually enough.

Beer’s law: the intensity of transmitted light decreases exponentially as the concentration of the substance increases. August Beer, German Physicist (1825-1863) Lambert’s law: the intensity of transmitted light decreases exponentially as the distance travelled through the substance increases.

Chemical analysis by spectrophotometry. Beer–Lambert law can be applied to the analysis of a mixture by spectrophotometry, without the need for extensive pre-processing of the sample. An example is the determination of bilirubin in blood plasma samples. The spectrum of pure bilirubin is known, so the molar attenuation coefficient ε is known.

Expression with attenuation coefficient The Beer–Lambert law can be expressed in terms of attenuation coefficient, but in this case is better called Lambert's law since amount concentration, from Beer's law, is hidden inside the attenuation coefficient. The (Napierian) attenuation coefficient and the decadic attenuation coefficient

Now the only light that falls on the detector is the room light. The pulse oximeter now records the room light level. Because the pulse oximeter now knows the level of room light, it is able to subtract it from the readings to get the actual red and infrared light levels.